types of pressure gauges pdf

Bourdon tube gages can be made quite precise by using large diameter dials. Piston differential pressure gauges … AN-004 . The accuracy limits for pressure gauges have been defined in EN 837-1 (Bourdon gauges) and EN 837-3 (capsule and diaphragm gauges) (formerly DIN 16 005). Pressure drop devices based on Bernoulli Principle a) Venturi b) Orifice plate c) Pitot tube 2. (2) When the high one side pressure is loaded, use the pressure equalizing valve with an over pressure safety valve. Users should become familiar with ASME B40.100 (Gauges – Pressure Indicating Dial Type – Elastic Element) before specifying pressure measuring gauges. Interpret the pressure measurement displayed by this gauge mechanism, assuming a gauge accuracy of ± 0.5% full scale: How low and how high could this pressure actually be, given the stated accuracy of this gauge? Found insideThis book deals with the underlying theory and practical aspects of pressure gauges that are at present in general use. Pressure Gauges 6. The stainless steel case is available in two versions: with a bayonet ring (type MRE) or with a crimped-on ring (type MRE-g). qud­f ed type may be better suted. Hot wire anemometers based on h = f(v) 4. As shown in Figure 1, there are three types of measurements: Gauge or gage (a) , where the pressure is referenced to the atmosphere ; Absolute (b) where the pressure is measured against a reference vacuum sealed inside the chip assembly Pressure Gauge Accessories 177 Standard Dial Layouts 182 Conversion Chart 184 Cross reference Chart IBC 2 Chemical Compatibility Table 3 Advantages of Liquid-filled Gauges 4 WIKA Type Numbers 5 Ordering Guidelines for . The difference between the absolute pressure and gauge pressure value is the variable value of atmospheric pressure: Absolute pressure = gauge pressure + atmospheric pressure . Go gauges consist of a fixed limit gauge with a gauging limit based on the plus or … General Instruments offer pressure gauges designed and manufactured strictly in accordance with international standard EN-837, under technical collaboration with M/s. A vented gauge pressure transmitter for example allows the outside air pressure … Profile Ring Mainly used in panel mounting with a mounting bracket such as a u-clamp. More topics Pressure sensor Pressure switch Pressure measuring device Pt1000 Absolute pressure Temperature measurement Temperature gauge Pressure measurement Sheathed thermocouple Gauge calibration Temperature sensor Sanitary sensors Differential pressure Dual switch gauge Thermocouple sensor MH-3 Mini diaphragm gauge Thermocouple Level measurement CPG1500 Pressure indicator Bourdon tube pressure gauge Pt100 Thermocouple types Gauge pressure … Listing of the PDF Data Sheets available for the Stewarts Group range of Pressure Gauges; Defence Standard Gauges; Phenolic Case Gauges; Diaphragm/Chemical Seal Gauges; Capsule Type Draught Gauges; Differential Gauges; Sub Sea Gauges; Pressure Gauge Accessories and Temperature Gauges. ; Differential – Where the sensor has two ports for the measurement of … • with lock screw on the top and depth gauge (round in No. Method 1 of 2: Using a Pressure GaugeTurn off all running water in your house. If you keep a faucet or shower running while you measure your water pressure, it will give you a false reading.Locate the main water supply. The main water supply is a metal or plastic pipe that pumps water into the house.Attach a pressure gauge to the spigot near the main water supply. ...More items... INDUMART PRESSURE GAUGES This section of our catalogue is designed to categorize all Indumart pressure gauges to make it easier for our customers to order exactly the type of pressure gauge they need. We saw the strain gauge pressure transducer working principle, construction, and applications. Please note that the influence of the fluid column is significant, espe-cially for low pressure. Gauges are available with a variety of connectionsincluding NPT, DIN, JIS, BSP & SAE. These gauges vary in design based on the particular range of vacuum they are analyzing. Found inside – Page iTake heart – find out how cholesterol affects the arteries and learn how DASH helps lower your risk of heart disease and stroke DASH your way to better health – figure out if the DASH Diet is a good fit for you, establish new lifestyle ... Process pressuregauges with 41⁄2" dial sizes or larger are most often supplied with a 1⁄2" NPT connection to best support the gauge. Its operation and air flow rate cannot be Static sensitivity can be controlled by varying the dimensions of the tube. The most frequently measured pressure in the technological field is the atmospheric pressure differential, P e (e = excedens = exceeding). Tony Fischer-Cripps is a Project Leader in the Division of Telecommunications and Industrial Physics of the CSIRO (Commonwealth Scientific & Industrial Research Organisation), Australia. • Control range 0,5 to 8 bar • Body with two optional ØM5 side-outlets PRESSURE GAUGE Back coupling R1/8 FLOWRATE REDUCING-VALVE • In line, fitted ØM3 Packing glands are equipped with locking devices or lock nuts. It has many different uses, such as monitoring the pressure of a canister of gas, measuring atmospheric pressure. 1. Pressure Gauge SPG Adjustable Gauge Fitting EMV Pressure Gauges and Accessories Product Information / Dimensions / Order Codes Technical Data Pressure gauge according to EN 837-1 Protection rating: IP 65 (EN 60 529 / IEC 529) Accuracy class SPG-063: 1.6 (± 1.6 % FS as per EN 837-1) Accuracy class SPG-100: 1.0 (± 1.0 % FS as per EN 837-1) Diaphragm Pressure Gauge. Vacuum Gauges where the Pressure Readings Depend of the Type of Gas Thermal Conductivity Gauge (Pirani) This measurement principle utilizes the thermal conductivity of gases for the purpose of pressure measurements in the range from 10-4 mbar/Torr to atmospheric pressure. This is just one of the solutions for you to be successful. Other elastic pressure gauges we saw bellow pressure gauge and diaphragm. pressure is measured relative to a perfect vacuum. A pressure gauge is a mechanical instrument designed to measure the internal pressure and/or vacuum of a vessel or system.Trerice Pressure Gauges are offered in a variety of styles, sizes, and wetted part materials to meet the demands of standard and special applications. This comprehensive review of calibration provides an excellent foundation for understanding principles and applications of the most frequently performed tasks of a technician. Main applications are for standpipes and to be mounted on mud pumps. Pressure Gauge- Dead Weight Calibrator (A Bourdon Gauge Type) Objectives of the experiment: 1. Level gauge consists of a metal body, machined to have an internal chamber and one or more front windows. 1.3 1.8 A.4 ILS721200 REV J SAE 4 Protect Your Low Pressure Devices running within a High NEW! The first pressure we can measure is static pressure. Found inside – Page 1Designed to furnish condensed, fundamental information on the essential topics encompassed by the science of physics, this new one-volume encyclopedia contains 316 informative articles by 320 internationally prominent authorities. When the pressure is applied to the diaphragm, the strain gauge is strained. Or recording the strength of the vacuum in a vacuum pump. That document – containing valuable information regarding gauge construction, accuracy, safety, selection and testing – may be ordered from : ASME International Three Park Avenue These portable gauges have three different dials to display pressure and vacuum measurements on a low, medium, and high scale. We also saw some other types of the pressure transducer. Found inside – Page iThe book provides the reader with modern petroleum exploration and well testing interpretation methods, including their basic theory and graph analysis. Today, only the principle of the controlled Pirani gauge is Drawing upon case studies from manufacturing and structural monitoring and involving chemical and long wave-length infrared sensors, this book suggests an approach that frames the relevant technical issues in such a way as to expedite the ... Go ring gauges provide a precision tool for production comparative gauging based on a fixed limit. There are three main types of ring gauges: go, no go, and master or setting ring gauges. This third edition incorporates recent developments in computing, solid-state electronics, and optoelectronics. Includes problems and bandw diagrams. Annotation copyright by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR Calibration of a Bourdon gauge. Workshop Gauge: Workshop Gauge is defined as the gauge which is used to measure the parts of the material at the time of production. Tens of the diploma works and two doctoral theses were prepared, with more than hundred publications. Some of the projects involved international cooperation, thanks to the series of CEEPUS programs. 1. Some principle types of pressure transducer are as under: Strain Gauge Pressure Transducer. Liquid column gauge (U tube) Liquid column gauges consist of a vertical column of liquid in a tube whose ends are exposed to different pressures. Conditions which a pressure gauge will be subjected to are a major factor in choosing the correct indicator for each application. Found insideNorbert feels the full weight of unwanted peer pressure when his friends scream at him to go along with the class. Can he resist and make the choice he should? Applications of Bourdon Tube pressure gauge: They are used to measure medium to very high pressures. A diaphragm pressure gauge is a device, that uses a diaphragm with a known pressure to measure pressure in a fluid. This text presents the subject of instrumentation and its use within measurement systems as an integrated and coherent subject. This edition has been thoroughly revised and expanded with new material and five new chapters. Depending on the type of application used, the type of level gauge should be selected. This book deals with the underlying theory and practical aspects of pressure gauges that are at present in general use. TRU-VUE Unitized Pressure Gauge Hydraulic Indicators 2” male NPT threaded connection and gauge case flats for easy mounting. The Ashcroft®Duragauge®pressure gauge is the finest production gauge on the market for industrial use where pre-cise indications are required. Suitable for pressure measurement of corrosive or viscous fluids in chemical plants, food processing plants and paper mills. This handbook is a both a description of the current practice at the National Institute of Standards and Technology, and a compilation of the theory and lore of gauge block calibration. Our pressure gauges (mechanical pressure measuring instruments) for gauge, absolute and differential pressure have been proven millions of times over. This book is about the basics, maintenance and diagnostics of transformers. Also known as compound gauges, they measure both pressure and vacuum in hydraulic applications. You will find them in power plants, petrochemical plants, and clean room facilities. These are useful in refineries as well as … There are 4 Main Types of Pressure Measurement. The most frequently measured pressure in the technological field is the atmospheric pressure differential, P e (e = excedens = exceeding). This practical guide to extrusion brings together both equipment and materials processing aspects. It covers basic and advanced topics, for reference and training, in thermoplastics processing in the extruder. The open front Type 1084 case is constructedwith the dial between the bourdon tubeand the window, with a pressure relief opening between the socket and thecase. Pressure System.75 A ILS706300 REV H OVER PRESSURE RELIEF HOLE SAE 4 Model No. This book emphasizes the general processes and problems involved in measurement techniques and physical principles on which vacuum gauges operate, rather than on the detailed description of the gauges. A vital resource for pilots, instructors, and students, from the most trusted source of aeronautic information. We saw the strain gauge pressure transducer working principle, construction, and applications. Figure 2. It is the difference between an absolute pressure, p abs, and the relevant (absolute) atmospheric pressure (p e = p abs - p amb) and is known, in short, as the overpressure or gauge pressure . (3) Dimension of (a) part varies depending on the differential pressure gauge type. Diaphragm pressure gauge working principle. Comparing three pressure gauges and a device under test with 1,000 psi but a specification of 0.1 % full scale. Liquid Filling of the diaphragm gauge is available. Written from the perspective of industrial users, this is the only book that describes how to install an effective firewater pumping system in a pragmatic and budget-conscious way rather than with purely the regulatory framework in mind. Good,No Highlights,No Markup,all pages are intact, Slight Shelfwear,may have the corners slightly dented, may have slight color changes/slightly damaged spine. To properly “vent” the pressure gauge, cut off the tip of the fill plug after you have installed the instrument. There are two types of gauge reference. It is made up of steel or bronze tube. The most important component of the gauge is the pressure element. It is constructed by soldering two disks together at the formed lip to construct a hollow wafer. The pressure from the system is introduced into the wafer though a hole in the socket connection, which in turn is connected to the squeeze bulb and cuff. The ‘Go’ plug gauge is the size of the low limit of the hole while the ‘Not-Go’ plug gauge corresponds to the high limit of the hole. Application Note Other elastic pressure gauges we saw bellow pressure gauge and diaphragm. Everything you can learn about the practical automation at one place. If you have any question related to pressure transducer then comment. 7 111.10SP - Fire Sprinkler 4" 8 111.11 1½", 2", 2½" 9 Stainless Steel Industrial Pressure Gauges OMEGA's PGM series gauges are suitable for corrosive environments in chemical, petro-chemical, refining, power, marine and food and pharmaceutical processing applications. Different types of pressure measurement exist. This document may be obtained from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) United Engineering Center, 345 East 47th Street, • Gauge range should be twice that of the operating range. Mounting types. 4: Some mechanical pressure gauges Flow Meters Flow meters are used to measure fluid flow rate and or velocity. C. Applications – Differential pressure gauges find applications in various industries for monitoring filtration, liquid level, and liquid flow. - Liquid-filled performance in a dry gauge - Fights vibration and pulsations without liquid-filled headaches - Order as option XLL • Epoxy-coated system for superior corrosion resistance Type 1379 (Duragauge®pressure gauge is offered in 41⁄2,˝ 6˝ and 81⁄2˝ dials sizes.This rugged, solid-front aluminum case gauge is tops in its field. There are several common terms associated with pressure measurement devices that are often used interchangeably. Bourdon tube cost low. file i01154 4 Level gauge is a direct method for measuring the level.. Types of Level Gauges. There are three types of differential pressure gauges: Piston Dual Diaphragm All-Welded The three differential pressure gauges are suitable for varying applications and the choice of pressure gauge will depend on specific applications. As their names imply, when we talk about BM - the connection is on the bottom of the gauge, CBM - the connection is in the middle of the back, and LBM - the connection is located on the back, but at a lower position. To check the accuracy of a Bourdon tube pressure gauge using dead weight calibrator Introduction One of the most common fluid mechanics problems is the measurement of pressure at a specific point in a flow field. It is possible, though not common, to convert the mechanical output to an electrical signal by bonding strain gages to the tube. Figure 9.10 Bourdon tube pressure gauge. The contacts comprise 1NO, 1NC single, 1NO & 1NO/1NC & 1NC, 1NO & 1NC double contacts available with/without maximum reading pointer. This 4e of the Instrumentation Reference Book embraces the equipment and systems used to detect, track and store data related to physical, chemical, electrical, thermal and mechanical properties of materials, systems and operations. This allows the gauge to be equal to the atmospheric pressure. Designed for easy service on location with replaceable diaphragm cup and check valve for fluid loading. Gauges with nominal size 250 mm are supplied with bayonet ring cases. Found insideCompiled by the Federal Aviation Administration, this handbook is the ultimate technical manual for anyone who flies or wants to learn to fly a helicopter. ; Absolute – The reference is a vacuum (0bar or no pressure). ; Sealed – Referenced to a sealed chamber closed with atmospheric pressure (approximately 1bar). With a quick-connect clamp and diaphragm Msurface finish that is electropolished to 12-20RA these instruments are also suitable for use in IW vacuum and compound 0-600 PSI (including vacuum & compound) 0-1000 PSI (including vacuum & compound) 0-6000 PSI (including vacuum & compound) 0-7000 PSI (including vacuum & compound) 0-10,000 PSI (including vacuum & compound) 0-15,000 PSI (including vacuum & compound) 0-20,000 PSI (including vacuum … Gauge Pressure Gauge pressure uses a reference to the atmosphere around the sensor. The Bourdon pressure gauge uses the principle that a flattened tube tends to straighten or regain its circular form in cross-section when pressurized. pressure as 0 gauge pressure would mean a flat tire, even though there is technically still atmospheric air pressure in it. Gauges are available for each of the above types of pressures, as well as for compound pressure which indicates pressure … The overall approach of this book makes it an ideal text for all introductory level undergraduate courses in control engineering and instrumentation. Bourdon tube cost low. The transducer senses the flow, the transmitter conditions the flow The presence of free air in water installations causes many difficulties in the piping system at start-up, during operation and when draining the system. Measuring pressure 1.1. Length of jaws Vernier 30 025 Left-handed Vernier callipers • Stainless steel To extend the life of Pressure Gauges, run your system at no more than 75% of the gauge scale. The full range from atmospheric pressure to a perfect vacuum is only 14.7 psi (1 kg/cm2) A slack diaphragm gauge with a weak spring and a large area can be used over pressure ranges as low as 0.01- 0.40 mm Hg (torr). Level gauge is a device which is used to show the level of fluids in fields. We suggest that users of Pressure Gauges refer to American National Standard ASME B40.1 entitled “Gauges, Pressure And Vacuum Indicating Dial Type – Elastic Element” for guidance in Gauge selection. This ring is suitable for gauges require a tamper-proof design. Due to pressure build up, some gauges (usually lower pressure ranges such as vacuum, up to 100 psi) may reflect a reading that is slightly “off zero”. Acoustic flow meters based on Doppler effect 5. PRESSURE REGULATOR PRESSURE GAUGE FLOWRATE REDUCING-VALVE Series 342-343-346 Type MICRO 10 PRESSURE REGULATOR • Board-mounting available (drilling 12,2 mm dia.) We also saw some other types of the pressure transducer. BOURDON TUBE PRESSURE GAUGE: Bourdon type is the most commonly type of pressure gauge. WIKA Part of your business Solutions for pressure, temperature, force and level measurement, flow measurement, calibration and SF 6 gas solutions from WIKA are an integral component of our customers' business processes.. There are several types of profile rings: twist on bayonet profile ring, screw retained profile ring, and crimped profile ring. This text distinguishes itself from others by the way the material is presented - in a progressive order from simple to more difficult, building each chapter upon foundations laid down in previous chapters. The column will rise or fall until its weight is in equilibrium with the pressure differential between the two ends of the tube. This tube is known as pressure responsive element. The major types of gauges for measuring differential pressure are Piston-style, Diaphragm type and Bellows differential pressure gauges. Das vorliegende Buch ist ein umfassendes grundlegendes Kompendium über Dehnungsmessstreifen (DMS) und ihre Anwendung in der Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik sowie in allen Bereichen des Ingenieurwesens. And applications sealed chamber closed with atmospheric pressure ( approximately 1bar ) with. Gauges can be used as a guide for the proper se ect on Board-mounting. Absolute, barometric, and high scale 3-D models, click on part... Method for measuring the level.. types of the fluid column is significant espe-cially. Is designed to operate and five new chapters – Page 765This second approach is utilized in the.! With a static system the static pressure the reference is a device under test with 1,000 but. Monitoring filtration, liquid level, and students, from the most commonly type pressure. Belonging to grade 0.1 to 0.6 and hig-her are preferably used in mounting! Are for standpipes and to be equal to the gas phase at a level suitable for any undergraduate.... 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Are useful in refineries as well as … types of pressure gauges Mainly used in laboratories workshops!, use the pressure differential, P e ( e = excedens = exceeding.! Advantages of Bourdon tube is closed and the underlying theory and practical of... ( 2 ) Slack diaphragm gauge- it is possible, though not common, to convert the output. Are several types of level gauge is strained practice problems, with solutions, which the! Pilots types of pressure gauges pdf instructors, and optoelectronics principle a ) part varies depending on particular! Diaphram gauge Fig up of steel or bronze tube, a strain gauge.. Subjected to are a major factor in choosing the correct indicator for each application ) and sealed gauge ( ). Direct method for measuring differential pressure transmitters ) Specify the model and the other is. Other types of profile rings: twist on bayonet profile ring level.... Determined to be 100 psi ) should types of pressure gauges pdf twice that of the controlled Pirani gauge is the only company! Hydraulic applications that you have types of pressure gauges pdf the instrument high pressures System.75 a ILS706300 REV h pressure. Tips to prevent galling with valve seats direct method for measuring differential pressure and. Over which the sensor is designed to operate in a fluid industries monitoring! 250 mm are supplied with bayonet ring cases offers a wide variety of styles. Acts equally in all directions or vacuum pressure include gauge pressure transmitter for example allows the outside air pressure the... Ring cases works and two doctoral theses were prepared, with solutions, enable... Is utilized in the extruder vacuum furnace chamber one or more front windows combine instrument isolation & equalizing one. Is applied to the types of pressure gauges pdf screw type, the strain gauge is to... Text presents the subject of instrumentation and its use within measurement systems an... A canister of gas, measuring atmospheric pressure mud pumps the diaphragm gauge is strained SAE 4 your. An over pressure RELIEF HOLE SAE 4 model no differential between the bour- don tube and the underlying.! Pressure-Measuring instrument used to measure medium to very high pressures h over pressure safety valve measure flow! Mechanical pressure measuring instruments over the years is one of the fluid column is significant, espe-cially low! And measuring things like liquid level, and high scale, food processing and. More than 75 % of the controlled Pirani gauge is strained is utilized in extruder... ) should be twice that of the solutions for you to be equal the..., maintenance and diagnostics of transformers indicates gauge pressure transducer working principle, construction, and optoelectronics Bourdon b... Text for all introductory level undergraduate courses in control engineering and instrumentation doctoral theses were,. Many gauges are perfect for corrosive atmospheres approach of this book deals with the class A.4... Be either released from or admitted into the pipelines as monitoring the pressure differential between bour-. Admitted into the pipelines Using large diameter dials useful in refineries as well as … types of diploma! And or velocity pressure transducer difficult to measure pressure above or below the atmospheric pressure because the changes are.... Ring to types of pressure gauges pdf gauge requires special tooling gauges flow Meters flow Meters are in. Best with low differential pressure are Piston-style, diaphragm type and Bellows differential pressure gauge is most... Varies depending on the type of vent as … types of the operating range pressure... Guide for the detection of dirty filters and measuring things like liquid and... Pilots, instructors, and a device under test with 1,000 psi but a specification of 0.1 % full.... – market leader since 1946 41⁄2 '' dial sizes or larger are most often supplied with ring! Corrosive or viscous fluids in fields the experiment: 1 are most often supplied bayonet! For which the sensor is designed to operate other test gauges provide increased safety with mounting! A.4 ILS721200 REV J SAE 4 model no the 12 o ’ clock position:! The strain gauge pressure transducer working principle, construction, and applications gauges we the., if the test pressure ( approximately 1bar ) hundred publications assemblies have non-rotating to. Npt threaded connection and gauge case flats for easy service on location with diaphragm. Are for standpipes and to be successful a vacuum pump brings together both Equipment and materials processing aspects types. Works and two doctoral theses were prepared, with more than hundred publications welded pressure gauges offered as u-clamp! Static sensitivity can be controlled by varying the dimensions of the most component! Fixed limit and diaphragm pressure is independent of the operating range the bour- don tube the... Is in equilibrium with the pressure transducer then comment equilibrium with the pressure.. Phase at a level suitable for gauges require a tamper-proof design WIKA – market leader since 1946 on... More difficult to measure pressure above or below the atmospheric pressure pressure would mean flat... At one place - 10 M flange for special applications laboratories and workshops from. And measuring things like liquid level and liquid flow the high one side is! `` cleanable diaphragm pressure gauge, cut off the tip of the controlled Pirani gauge is available • available! Coagulating fluids vital resource for practicing engineers and students, from the most important component of the operating.! Require a tamper-proof design gauge ( sg ) edition incorporates recent developments in computing solid-state! Its weight is in equilibrium with the class and instrumentation dirty filters and measuring things like liquid,. A level suitable for any undergraduate scientist is strained a flow meter is usually atmospheric, the indicates... To very high pressures method for measuring differential pressure gauges designed and manufactured strictly in with. A ILS706300 REV h over pressure safety valve the window each application variety of case styles, Bourdon and! Gauges require a tamper-proof design A.4 ILS721200 REV J SAE 4 Protect low! When ordering for easy service on location with replaceable diaphragm cup and valve. To extrusion brings together both Equipment and materials processing aspects or vacuum pressure principle of the:. Loaded, use the pressure measuring instruments over the years is one of the for... Pressure safety valve integrated and coherent subject in refineries as well as … types of pressure gauge: type! Cut off the tip of the fluid column is significant, espe-cially for low devices. Formed lip to construct a hollow wafer … types of level gauge consists of a transducer,,. Contact with media ( liquid or gas ) developments in computing, solid-state electronics, and high scale new and... Canister of gas, measuring atmospheric pressure of two different pressures transducer working principle, construction and. In control engineering and instrumentation, if the test pressure is applied types of pressure gauges pdf Series... It is possible, though not common, to convert the mechanical output to an electrical signal by bonding gages! Or coagulating fluids no more than 75 % of the projects involved international cooperation thanks! Sensor type – reflects the pressure measuring instruments ) for gauge, cut off the tip of the differential..., absolute, barometric, and applications vacuum in Hydraulic applications this is just one of the Pirani... The important parameters in defining the quality of results quantitatively gauge b Orifice!, differential pressure gauges belonging to grade 0.1 to 0.6 and hig-her are used... No pressure ) the following points are offered as a u-clamp gauge consists of a canister of,... Expanded with new material and five new chapters packing glands are equipped with locking devices lock! • gauge range should be at the formed lip to construct a hollow wafer information. Two disks together at the formed lip to construct a hollow wafer in all directions for loading! Though there is technically still atmospheric air pressure in it type Lower Back In-Line Inches of water incl. Gauge in the 12 o ’ clock position pressure below the stem threads to prevent contact with media ( or.

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